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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD are believed to regulate brain chemicals and increase their levels. They cannot solve the problem and can only manage symptoms if taken regularly. Side effects of ADHD medications can include changes in blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Certain teenagers and children who are taking stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a central nervous stimulant, is the most common medication used to treat ADHD. It is available in many forms, including a chewable tablet that is liquid as well as a long-acting oral disintegrating tablet, and an extended release pill. The drug boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This helps to improve concentration. It can also help to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is a proven treatment for ADHD when combined with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks transporters that eliminate these neurotransmitters naturally from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, so people with diabetes should be careful when taking this medication. If you encounter any of these side effects, talk with your doctor. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon which causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is a rare side effect however, it is crucial to inform your doctor if you have these symptoms. There are some who believe that methylphenidate could slow the growth of children. However, this has not been proved. If you have a child being treated with methylphenidate, be sure to keep track of the child's weight and height closely. If your child is taking tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine, it could be harmful for children suffering from phenylketonuria. If you suffer from PKU ask your doctor about different formulations of methylphenidate. Certain people have issues with stimulants, which are the first option for treating ADHD. In these cases, doctors could prescribe a different medication that functions in a similar manner. There are also other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These drugs are a little more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. The typical dosage is every day, either twice or three times however some individuals might be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known under the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that boosts concentration and reduces hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It's part of a class of drugs known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a preferred choice for both adults and children who prefer a different kind of medication from stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It can take up six weeks before the effects of this drug become apparent. Additionally, you may experience side-effects such as reduced appetite, drowsiness and stomach upset. However the benefits of atomoxetine surpass the risks for many patients. The efficacy of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study with 297 ADHD patients ages 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups depression symptoms were reduced. The atomoxetine group experienced more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was not as dramatic (Michelson et al 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients suffering from ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient however, experienced a rash and withdrew from the study. Three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and co., 2005). Consult your physician before you begin treatment with atomoxetine about your medical history, including any medications or supplements you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medications. Tell your doctor whether any of the following conditions occur: narrow-angle glaucoma; a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour or a high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. You should stay clear of the use of atomoxetine in the event that you've taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid in the past 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can improve the symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity and boost concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the best dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets as well as extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication as directed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur when you stop abruptly. It is usually taken two or three times per day with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary between 100mg and three times a day to 150mg four or three times each day. The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract, and then excreted into urine, which means it can't enter breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and impact other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It's important to check it frequently. In addition to helping improve the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors within your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from entering your brain, which helps to regulate your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor if taking any other medications. It's essential to let your doctor know that you suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can make the side effects worse. A number of studies have examined the effects of bupropion versus placebos in adults with ADHD. These studies yielded mixed results, and a lot were poorly conducted. Many of these studies excluded people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion has a modest impact on ADHD. However there is a need for more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Furthermore, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be developed. This requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between the various molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs work in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side adverse effects. These drugs, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help people to focus. These older drugs may cause severe negative side consequences. They are usually only used when other medications fail. The first option of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants, that have been in use for a long time, can be utilized in certain instances. These medications are effective in treating pain caused by neuropathic or other but their antidepressant action is not the same. They increase the activity of the noradrenephrine receptor by blocking its reuptake, and they also function as descending modulators for pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. In addition, they're safer in pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic in humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly. Your doctor might suggest gradually lowering the dose over several weeks to lessen the negative effects. While not officially approved by the FDA as an adhd medication, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. adhd without medication is believed to work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine within the brain to improve concentration. It is also known to reduce anxiety and stress. It can be used in conjunction with stimulants to achieve faster and longer-lasting results. While there aren't any FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD, many people do find relief with the use of nutritional supplements and herbs. A diet low in fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit from staying clear of caffeine. It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications your child or you uses, including prescription drugs and herbal remedies. This will minimize unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medication can affect each person differently, and it's often a process of trial and error to find the appropriate dosage and medication for your child or yourself.